Stage 01 — AR Training Study

Enhancing Remote AR-Based Skill Training: Effects of Onboarding and Demonstration Modality

2×2 FactorialN = 46Remote Synchronous ARIEEE ICHI 2024

Remote AR training environments promise scalable skill transfer — but how much does how you onboard learners versus how you demonstrate the skill actually matter? This experiment isolates both variables in a controlled, remote synchronous AR setting with 46 participants.


Study at a Glance

Participants46N total
Conditions4Between-subjects
Per Group11–12Participants
Study Mode100%Remote synchronous

Experimental Design: 2×2 Factorial

Video Demo

Fewer errors ↓

Avatar Demo

Checklist

Group 1

Group 2

Interactive

Group 3

Group 4

G1Lower errors
ChecklistVideo Demo

Standard procedural checklist paired with a recorded video demonstration of the skill.

G2
ChecklistAvatar Demo

Standard procedural checklist paired with an animated 3D avatar performing the skill.

G3Lower errors
InteractiveVideo Demo

Interactive onboarding walkthrough paired with a recorded video demonstration.

G4
InteractiveAvatar Demo

Interactive onboarding walkthrough paired with an animated 3D avatar demonstration.

Key Findings

Learning Gains

n.s.

No significant difference in pre–post knowledge gains across all four groups. All conditions produced equivalent learning outcomes — AR-based remote training is effective regardless of onboarding or demo modality.

F(3,42) — not statistically significant · p > .05

Task Performance

Video Demosignificantly fewer errors

Groups with video demonstrations made significantly fewer task errors than groups using avatar demonstrations — regardless of onboarding condition. Demonstration modality is the decisive variable.

Demo modality significant · Onboarding × Demo interaction n.s.

Design Implications

Four takeaways for designers building remote AR training systems

01

Demonstration fidelity matters more than onboarding interactivity for procedural skill transfer

02

Video outperforms avatar demos — real-world visual cues encode motor sequences more accurately

03

Remote synchronous AR can substitute in-person training without learning-outcome sacrifice

04

Interface complexity (interactive vs. checklist) shows minimal differential effect on retention

Study Demonstration Video

AR Training Study — Synchronous Remote Session Recording

Open in Drive ↗